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Objective To investigate expressions of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2,TLR-4 and TLR-6 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM levels in pediatric idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS).The correlation between Toll-like receptors (TLR-2,TLR-4 and TLR-6) and serum immunoglobulin levels (IgG and IgM) will be proven in the pathogenesis of childhood INS in active stage (AS) and remission stage (RS).Methods Forty-two INS patients (experimental group,32 boys,10 girls) and 29 healthy individuals (healthy control group,19 boys,10 girls) were enrolled in the present study from June,2017 to October,2018 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University.There were no significant differences in gender (x2 =0.966,P =0.326) and age (t =-0.139,P =0.89) between 2 groups.TLR-2 mRNA,TLR-4 mRNA and TLR-6 mRNA expressions of PBMC were evaluated by using real-time PCR in both INS children with AS and RS and healthy children.The blood samples were drawn to detect by way of immunoturbidimetry serum immunoglobulin (IgG and IgM) levels in both INS children with AS and healthy children.The correlation between Toll-like receptors (TLR-2 mRNA,TLR-4 mRNA,TLR-6 mRNA) and serum immunoglobulin (IgG,IgM) levels were analyzed by using spearman correlation analysis.Results The expression levels of TLR-2 mRNA in INS children with AS,RS and healthy children were 1.85 ± 0.30,1.00 ± 0.23 and 0.85 ± 0.12,respectively,and the expression levels of TLR-4 mRNA were 1.24 ± 0.27,0.80 ± 0.23 and 0.68 ± 0.09,respectively,while the expression levels of TLR-6 mRNA were 1.35 ± 0.23,0.92 ± 0.19 and 0.79 ± 0.15,respectively,so the differences were statistically significant (F =198.453,67.013,82.405,all P ＜ 0.01).The serum IgG level(2.90 ± 0.89) g/L was lower in INS children with AS compared with the controls (9.21 ± 1.88) g/L.However,the serum IgM level (2.87 ± 0.96) g/L was higher in INS children with AS when compared with the controls(1.48 ± 0.30),and the differences were statistically significant(t =-16.810,8.701,all P ＜0.05).No significant correlation was noted between Toll-like receptors (TLR-2 mRNA,TLR-4 mRNA,TLR-6 mRNA) and serum immunoglobulin levels (IgG,IgM) (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The results indicate that Toll-like receptors (TLR-2,TLR-4 and TLR-6) and immunoglobulin (IgG,IgM) might play a role in the pathogenesis of pediatric INS via distinct pathway.
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Objective@#To investigate expressions of Toll-like receptor(TLR)-2, TLR-4 and TLR-6 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM levels in pediatric idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). The correlation between Toll-like receptors (TLR-2, TLR-4 and TLR-6) and serum immunoglobulin levels (IgG and IgM) will be proven in the pathogenesis of childhood INS in active stage (AS) and remission stage (RS).@*Methods@#Forty-two INS patients (experimental group, 32 boys, 10 girls) and 29 healthy individuals (healthy control group, 19 boys, 10 girls) were enrolled in the present study from June, 2017 to October, 2018 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University. There were no significant differences in gender (χ2=0.966, P=0.326) and age (t=-0.139, P=0.89) between 2 groups.TLR-2 mRNA, TLR-4 mRNA and TLR-6 mRNA expressions of PBMC were evaluated by using real-time PCR in both INS children with AS and RS and healthy children.The blood samples were drawn to detect by way of immunoturbidimetry serum immunoglobulin (IgG and IgM) levels in both INS children with AS and healthy children.The correlation between Toll-like receptors (TLR-2 mRNA, TLR-4 mRNA, TLR-6 mRNA) and serum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM) levels were analyzed by using spearman correlation analysis.@*Results@#The expression levels of TLR-2 mRNA in INS children with AS, RS and healthy children were 1.85±0.30, 1.00±0.23 and 0.85±0.12, respectively, and the expression levels of TLR-4 mRNA were 1.24±0.27, 0.80±0.23 and 0.68±0.09, respectively, while the expression levels of TLR-6 mRNA were 1.35±0.23, 0.92±0.19 and 0.79±0.15, respectively, so the differences were statistically significant(F=198.453, 67.013, 82.405, all P<0.01). The serum IgG level(2.90±0.89) g/L was lower in INS children with AS compared with the controls(9.21±1.88) g/L.However, the serum IgM level (2.87±0.96) g/L was higher in INS children with AS when compared with the controls(1.48±0.30), and the differences were statistically significant(t=-16.810, 8.701, all P<0.05). No significant correlation was noted between Toll-like receptors(TLR-2 mRNA, TLR-4 mRNA, TLR-6 mRNA) and serum immunoglobulin levels (IgG, IgM) (all P>0.05).@*Conclusions@#The results indicate that Toll-like receptors (TLR-2, TLR-4 and TLR-6) and immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM) might play a role in the pathogenesis of pediatric INS via distinct pathway.
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Objective To investigate the expression level of serum microRNA-663 (miR-663) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients and its relationships with clinicopathological features and prognosis.Methods The serums of 60 NPC patients (NPC group),40 patients with nasopharyngeal chronic inflammation (nasopharyngitis group) and 30 healthy subjects (health control group) were collected from June 2014 to April 2017 in our hospital.The relative expression levels of serum miR-663 were detected by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).The relationships between the expression of miR-663 and clinicopathological features were analyzed.The diagnostic value of serum miR-663 in patients with NPC was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.According to the optimal cut-off value determined by the ROC curve,the patients were divided into miR-663 ≥ optimal cut-off value group and miR-663 ＜ optimal cut-off value group,and prognosis analysis was performed for the two groups.Results The relative expression levels of miR-663 among NPC group (6.38 ± 2.05),nasopharyngitis group (3.11 ± 0.97) and health control group (1.74 ±0.75) were significantly different (F =107.722,P =0.001).Serum miR-663 level in NPC group was significantly higher than that in nasopharyngitis group and healthy control group,with significant differences (both P ＜0.001).The relative expression level of miR-663 in nasopharyngitis group was significantly higher than that in health control group,with a significant difference (P ＜ 0.001).The relative expression of serum miR-663 in patients with NPC was not related to patient's age,sex and differentiation (t =1.832,P =0.072;t =0.578,P =0.565;F =0.132,P =0.877).The relative expression of miR-663 in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ (5.24 ±1.98) was significantly lower than that in stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ (6.99 ± 1.84) of NPC patients,with a significant difference (t =3.417,P ＜ 0.001).The relative expression of serum miR-663 in patients with lymph node metastasis (7.55 ± 1.38) was significantly higher than that in patients without lymph node metastasis (4.62 ± 1.60),with a significant difference (t =7.572,P =0.001).The analysis of the diagnostic value of serum miR-663 in patients with NPC using the ROC curve showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of miR-663 was 0.939.When the optimal cut-off value of miR-663 was 3.190,the sensitivity was 80.0％ and the specificity was 89.0％.The median survival time in miR-663 ≥3.190 group (21.7 months) was significantly shorter than that in miR-663 ＜3.190 group (33.4 months),with a significant difference (x2 =4.332,P =0.037).Conclusion The relative expression level of serum miR-663 in patients with NPC is increased,and the expression level of miR-663 is related to lymph node metastasis and clinical stage.High expression of miR-663 predicts poor clinical outcomes,and miR-663 may be a potential predictor of prognosis in patients with NPC.
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Objective To investigate the expressions of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-1,TLR-3,TLR-9 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS).Methods The expressions of TLR-1,TLR-3 and TLR-9 mRNA were measured by real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in PBMC of 45 children with INS came from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University before and after treatment (active group and remission group,respectively) and 30 healthy children from medical examination center as healthy control group,so as to explore the relativity between TLR-1,TLR-3 and TLR-9 mRNA and serum levels of albumin and cholesterol.Results The expression of TLR-1 mRNA/β-actin in PBMC of children with INS before treatment (the active group) was significantly higher than that in the remission group (2.432 ± 0.231 vs.1.675 ± 0.627,t =7.599,P ＜ 0.05) and the healthy control group (2.432 ± 0.231 vs.0.512 ± 0.228,t =35.446,P ＜0.05),and the differences were statistically significant in the expression of TLR-1 mRNA/β-actin between remission group and healthy control group (1.675 ± 0.627 vs.0.512 ± 0.228,t =9.722,P ＜ 0.05).The expression of TLR-3 mRNA/β-actin in PBMC of children with INS before treatment (the active group) (0.987 ± 0.124) was significantly higher than that in the remission group (0.501 ± 0.016) and the healthy control group (0.021 ± 0.001),the differences were statistically significant (t =26.076,42.571,all P ＜ 0.05),and the remission group was significantly higher than that in healthy control group (t =163.732,P ＜ 0.05).The expression of TLR-9 mRNA/β-actin in PBMC of children with INS before treatment (activity group) (1.965 ±0.952) was significantly higher than that in the remission group (1.336 ±0.282) and the healthy control group (0.790 ±0.731),the differences were statistically significant (t =4.249,5.734,all P ＜ 0.05),and the remission group was significantly higher than that in healthy control group (t =4.541,P ＜ 0.05).The serum levels of albumin in children with INS before treatment (activity group) (23.62 ± 11.67) g/L was significantly lower than that in remission group (42.19 ± 16.33) g/L and healthy control group (46.88 ± 14.80) g/L,and the differences were statistically significant (t =-6.20,-7.58,all P ＜0.01).The serum levels of cholesterol in children with INS before treatment (the active group) (9.54 ±2.53) mmol/L was significantly higher than that in the remission group (3.01 ± 1.72) mmoL/L and the healthy control group (2.89 ± 1.66) mmol/L,and the differences were statistically significant (t =14.32,12.677,all P ＜ 0.01).The serum levels of albumin and cholesterol in children with INS after treatment were not statistically significant difference compared to the healthy control group (t =-1.264,0.30,all P ＞ 0.05).The correlation analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between the expressions of TLR-1,TLR-3 and TLR-9 mRNA and the serum level of albumin in PBMC of children with INS before treatment (r =-0.457,-0.891,-0.125,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).However,there was a positive correlation between the expressions of TLR-1,TLR-3 and TLR-9 mRNA and the serum level of cholesterol (r =0.445,0.911,0.872,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The expressions of TLR-1,TLR-3 and TLR-9 mRNA in PBMC of children with INS were significantly higher and correlated with activity of disease.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical effect of the free radial forearm flap on repairing tissue defects and reconstructing functions after tumor resection. @*METHODS@#From January, 2003 to December, 2011, 70 patients, including 43 squamous cell carcinomas of tongue, 12 buccal cancers, 5 carcinomas of the soft palate, 4 basal cell carcinomas of external nose, 3 lower lip cancers, 2 upper lip cancers, and 1 posterior wall of hypopharynx carcinoma, with the soft tissue defects in the head and neck underwent reconstructive operations with the free radial forearm flap after the malignant tumor resection. The area of defects ranged from 5 cm × 4 cm to 14 cm × 8 cm with the process of diseases from 4 to 30 months. The technique for grafting the free radial forearm flap and the appearance at sites of the donor and recipient, and the influence on the anatomy and function in both local sites were analyzed. @*RESULTS@#In the 70 patients, only 1 case of flap appeared necrosis due to venous reflux obstacle, and the remaining (98.4 ﹪) survived. During the follow-up for 12-36 months, one case of hypopharyngeal carcinoma died from distant metastasis a year later, 2 cases of tongue cancer died of cardiovascular accident. Morphology and function for the sites at donor and recipient were satisfactory. @*CONCLUSION@#Free radical forearm flap is a good choice for the repair and functional reconstruction for tissue defects after tumor resection.
Subject(s)
Humans , Forearm , Head and Neck Neoplasms , General Surgery , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Skin Transplantation , Surgical Flaps , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the level in plasma hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and the expression of cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) (two key synthetases for endogenous H2S generation in the kidney) in obstructed kidney tissue among rats with tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), and to explore the role of H2S in TIF.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operated, model, low-dose NaHS and high-dose NaHS groups (n=24 each). TIF was induced by UUO in the model, low-dose NaHS and high-dose NaHS groups. The low-dose and high-dose NaHS groups were intraperitoneally injected with NaHS (1.4 and 7.0 μmol/kg respectively) twice daily immediately after operation, and the sham-operated and model groups were intraperitoneally injected with an identical volume of normal saline. In each group, 8 rats were randomly selected and sacrificed at 7, 14 or 21 days after operation. Plasma H2S concentration was measured by deproteinization. The obstructed kidney tissue was subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson staining, and the renal tubulointerstitial injury was evaluated under a microscope. mRNA and protein expression of CBS and CSE in the obstructed kidney tissue was measured by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The degree of UUO-induced renal tubulointerstitial injury was negatively correlated with plasma H2S concentration in (r=-0.891, P<0.01). With H2S supplementation, renal tubulointerstitial injury was reduced (P<0.01), the expression of mRNA and protein of CBS and CSE in the kidney tissue and plasma H2S level were upregulated (P<0.01), and the degree of TIF was reduced (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in plasma H2S level and mRNA and protein expression of CBS and CSE between the low-dose and high-dose NaHS groups (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>H2S is involved in the development of UUO-induced TIF, and the CBS/H2S and CSE/H2S systems play key roles in this process. H2S supplementation can delay the progression of TIF.</p>
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Animals , Male , Rats , Cystathionine beta-Synthase , Genetics , Cystathionine gamma-Lyase , Genetics , Dietary Supplements , Fibrosis , Hydrogen Sulfide , Blood , Kidney Tubules , Pathology , RNA, Messenger , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Ureteral Obstruction , Blood , PathologyABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on the tubular interstitial fibrosis and on the levels of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and ectodermal dysplasia-1 (ED-1) in the process of renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with unilateral ureteral occlusion(UUO).Methods Ninety-six Sprague-Dauley (SD) male rats were divided into 4 groups randomly:sham-operated group (n =24),model group (n =24),low-dose therapy group (n =24) and high-dose therapy group(n =24).The rats in the model group and treatment groups were ligated at the left ureter and UUO was induced,meanwhile,the rats in the control group were free from the left ureter ligation.Rats received sodium hydrosulfide(NaHS) in traperitoneatly(1.4 μmol/kg,twice a day),and NaHS(7.0 μmol/kg,twice a day),respectively.Rats in sham-operated group and the model group were injected intraperitoneally with identical voluminal 9 g/L saline.Eight rats in each group were sacrificed randomly at the 7 days,14 days and 21 days,respectively.The concentration of plasma H2S was detected.Renal tubular interstitial damage and interstitial fibrosis were evaluated with routine HE staining and Masson staining under microscope,and both of them were used to evaluate the obstruction of renal histopathological changes.The expressions of ED-1 and KIM-1 were measured with immunohistochemical staining.Results 1.The pathological findings showed that the renal tubular interstitial changes were not obvious in the shamoperated group.The tubular epithelial cells in the model group and treatment groups showed swelling and vacuoles degeneration,with renal interstitial broadening,interstitial cells and extracellular matrix increasing.The renal tubular interstitial pathological injury of model group and treatment group were more serious than those in the sham-operated group at each time point(P ＜ 0.05).The renal tubular interstitial pathological injury of the treatment groups were obviously lower than that in the model group(P ＜0.05).However,there was no statistically significant difference between highdose therapy group and low-dose therapy group(P ＞ 0.05).2.Immunohistochemical analysis showed that expressions of ED-1 and KIM-1 in renal tubular interstitices in the model group and the treatment groups were higher than those in the sham-operated group at each time point(P ＜ 0.05).The expressions of ED-1 and KIM-1 in renal tubular interstitices in the treatment groups were obviously lower than those in the model group(P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between the high-dose therapy group and the low-dose therapy group(P ＞0.05).3.Plasma H2S levels in model group and treatment group were lower than those in the sham-operated group at each time point (P ＜ 0.05).The plasma H2S level of the treatment group was obviously higher than that in the model group(P ＜ 0.05).However,there was no statistically significant difference between high-dose therapy group and low-dose therapy group (P ＞0.05).Conclusions H2S implements renal protection effect partly by reducing the expression of ED-1 and KIM-1 in tubule interstitices to ease tubular interstitial fibrosis.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between the expression of cytokeratin (CK)-18 and biological behavior of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-three patients with OSCC were investigated for the expression of CK-18-mRNA by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Correlations between clinical stages, pathological differentiation, lymphatic metastasis and the expression of CK-18-mRNA were evaluated. CK-18-mRNA expression of peripheral blood from the 23 patients and 23 healthy people were also examined. During follow-up after operation, the peripheral blood was collected again for the expression of CK-19-mRNA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Expression of CK-18-mRNA was found in 16 patients. The expression of CK-18-mRNA was significantly associated with clinical stages, tumor differentiation and lymphatic metastasis. CK-18-mRNA was positive in 4 of 23 blood specimens before operation, but during follow-up only 1 of 23 patients was still positive in peripheral blood.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>CK-18 may provide additional information in forecasting the metastasis of OSCC and serve as a reference in monitoring recurrence.</p>
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Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Metabolism , Pathology , Case-Control Studies , Keratin-18 , Genetics , Metabolism , Mouth Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , Neoplasm Metastasis , RNA, Messenger , GeneticsABSTRACT
Objective To observe the influence of silymarin on expressions of transforming growth factor-?1(TGF-?1) and collagen type Ⅲ(Col Ⅲ) in rats with experimental tubulointerstitial fibrosis(TIF) induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO).Methods Se-venty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:sham operation group(n=24),model group(n=24) and silymarin treatment group(n=24).The rats in model group and treatment group were operated by ligation of left-ureter.The rats in sham opera-tion group operated by dissociating left-ureter were taken as controls.Rats in treatment group were fed with silymarin [30 mg/(kg?d)]24 h before operation,and rats in model group and sham operation group were treated by intragastric administration with the same volume nomal saline at the same time.Eight rats were killed at day 7,14,and 21,respectively.The score of TIF changes,histologically,was evaluated under light microscope.Expressions of TGF-?1 and Col Ⅲ in tubulointerstitial tissue in 3 groups were investigated by immunohistochemistry.Results 1.The TIF pathological index in treatment group was less than that in model group,but more than sham operation group at day 14 and 21(Pa
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Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)on children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome(SDNS).Methods Sixteen children with SDNS,diagnosed at onset,included 12 males and 4 females,aged(5.0?1.6) years,were administrated with MMF[25 mg/(kg?d)] and low-dose prednisone[0.5-1.0 mg/(kg?d),average 0.67 mg/(kg?d)].MMF was reduced to half of initial dosage after 6 months and maintained for 3 months,while dosage of prednisone was tapered gradually based on patients disease profile.Twenty-four hours urinary protein excretion,serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen,liver function were conducted regularly,respectively.The clinical efficacy and safety were assessed after 3 months treatment.Results Thirteen of 16 patients treated with MMF and prednisone remained in complete remission.Three children remained remission partly.Difference markedly was observed in 24 hours urinary protein excretion and serum albumin before and after treatment.Conclusions MMF is an effective and safe immunosuppressive agent for children with SDNS.
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Objective To explore the effect of Bailing capsule on epithelial-mesenchymal transition( EMT) in rats with adenine-in-duced tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Methods Tubulointerstitial fibrosis animal models were established and SD rats were divided into mo-del group ( n = 30), treatment group ( n = 30) and control group( n = 30), randomly. Experimental rats were harvested at 7 w, 12 w,17 w after onset of experiment and functional evaluations were performed. Histology, immunohistology were examined to investigateboth histolopathology changes and the expression of bone morphogenic protein-7 (BMP-7), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1 )and a-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in kidneys at three time points mentioned above, respectively. Results Compared with controlgroup, 24 h urinary protein in model group lost increasingly and significantly difference appeared at three time points relative to controlgroup ( P ＜ 0.01 ). Urinary NAG in model group was markedly higher than that in control group from 7 w after onset (P ＜ 0.01 ) andwas increasingly raised at 12 w and 17 w (P＜0.01). The value of blood BUN and Cr in model group increased at 7 w (P＞0.05) rel-ative to control group. There was significant difference at 12 w and 17.w (P ＜ 0.01 ). Histologically, kidneys in model group, at 7 w,exhibited tubular casts and gently tubular dilation, granuloma in cortex, mononuclear cells infiltration in tubulointerstitial areas, andmild interstitial fibrosis. At 12 w, the degree of tubular injury and tubulointerstitial fibrosis gradually aggravated. Up to 17 w, diffusetubular dilation or atrophy was observed and focal tubules disappear. Diffuse interstitial fibrosis was exhibited. In normal kidneys, im-munohistochemistry suggested that the light expression of BMP-7 was detected in proximal renal tubular epithelial cells and marked ex-pression was identified in distal tubule, collecting duct, and renal tubular epithelial in junction area between cortex and medulla. How-ever, the expression of BMP-7 in kidneys of model group significantly decreased with increasing tubulointerstitial fibrosis and was nega-tive correlation with the expression of TGF-β1(r = -0. 981 P＜0.01) and α-SMA (r= -0.975 P＜0.01). Bailing capsule ad-ministration protected the expression of BMP-7 and reduced TGF-β1 and α-SMA expression before 12 w(P＜ 0.01 ). Conclusions Ourstudy shows an anti-fibrotic reno-protective function of Bailing capsule in rats with tubulointerstitial fibrosis via prevention of epithelial-mesenchymal transition at early stage. However, the beneficial effect lost with increasing tubulointerstitial fibrosis.
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Objective To explorethe effect of Bailingcapsule on epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) inrats withadenine-in-duced tubulointerstitial fibrosis .Methods Tubulointerstitial fibrosis ani mal models were established and SDrats were dividedinto mo-del group (n=30) ,treatment group (n=30) andcontrol group(n=30) ,randomly .Experi mental rats were harvested at 7 w,12 w,17 wafter onset of experi ment and functional evaluations were performed. Histology ,i mmunohistology were examined to investigateboth histolopathology changes and the expression of bone morphogenic protein-7 (BMP-7) ,transforming growth factor-?1(TGF-?1)and a-smooth muscle actin (?-SMA) in kidneys at three ti me points mentioned above ,respectively .Results Compared with controlgroup ,24 h urinary proteinin model grouplost increasingly and significantly difference appeared at three ti me points relative to controlgroup(P0 .05) rel-ative to control group.There was significant difference at 12 wand 17 w(P
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Objective To observe the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1) in tubulointerstitial fibrosis(TIF) rats and explore the effects of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in TIF.Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group(n=24) and model group(n=24).Results Tubulointerstitial fibrosis model was established via unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO). Histological changes were observed in tubulointerstitium injury under microscope and immunohistochemistry staining was performed to investigate both the expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in TIF by semiquantitative score at d7, d14, d21 after experiment onset.The expressions of TIMP-1 in rats from sham-operated group were lower than those of mo-del group rats at d7, d14, d21 (Pa